Shoulder - if you are above a 40" chest, choose the XL pad.
Knee
If your thigh is greater than 12" at its largest point, choose the XL pad.
Measure 6’ above the knee cap (picture below) then measure around your thigh. If you do not have a measuring tape, wrap an 8 1/2 x 11” piece of paper around your thigh and make your best estimate.